ZEI Monitor: EU Progress 2019-2024
ZEI follows policy progress in the ten areas which have priority for EU institutions over the period 2019-2024:
Commission Priority 3: An Economy that works for people
Objectives
A deeper and fairer economic and monetary union
Internal Market
Jobs, growth and investment
European Semester
Boosting jobs
European Commission Work Program:
Please click on the respective policy objective to learn more.
2020 (revised after the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic)
Social Europe
The Commission's objective is to mitigate the consequences of the coronavirus outbreak and its socio-economic impact, in particular by protecting jobs and thus livelihoods and human lives. In order to achieve this, the regulation creates a European instrument, which temporarily helps the member states to reduce the risk of unemployment (SURE). The measure is temporary, its duration and scope is limited to dealing with the consequences of the pandemic. Payment is conditional on actual or planned public expenditure by the member states, which has increased substantially as a result of measures taken to deal with the coronavirus outbreak. The aid package offers a total of up to 100 billion euro for the support program. The assistance takes the form of a loan to the member state concerned, the loan contract is concluded with the European Commission. The applicant states must provide a binding guarantee. |
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Economic Governance: EU Recovery Instrument ('Next Generation EU')
On the 28th of May 2020, the European Commission presented a Proposal for a Council Regulation on the Establishment of a European Union Recovery Instrument to support the recovery in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Instrument shall be financed up to an amount of 750 billion euro. The support will include grants, loans and guarantees. Grants shall amount to 433.2 billion euro in the form of non-repayable support and repayable support through financial instruments. Loans to the member states will be up to 250 billion euro for a programme financing recovery and economic and social resilience via support to reforms and investments. Guarantees of up to 66.8 billion euro.
As the key pillar of 'Next Generation EU', the European Commission on the 28th of May 2020 put forward a Proposal for a Regulation establishing a Recovery and Resilience Facility. Key principles and elements include: General objective: Promoting the Union’s economic, social and territorial cohesion by improving the resilience and adjustment capacity of the member states, mitigating the social and economic impact of the crisis, and supporting the green and digital transitions, thereby contributing to restoring the growth potential of the economies of the Union, fostering employment creation in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis, and promoting sustainable growth. Financing volume: a. 334.95 billion euro in grants for non-repayable support; b. 267.955 billion euro for loan support to member states How does it work? A maximum financial contribution shall be calculated for each member state for the allocation of the amount of the GRANTS based on the population, the inverse of the per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the relative unemployment rate of each member state. Additionality: Support under the Recovery and Resilience Facility shall be additional to the support provided under other Union funds and programs. Eligibility criteria: Member states shall prepare national recovery and resilience plans. These plans shall set out the reform and investment agenda of the member state concerned for the subsequent four years. Recovery and resilience plans eligible for financing under this instrument shall comprise measures for the implementation of reforms and public investment projects through a coherent package Compliance of member states: Where the recovery and resilience plan does not comply satisfactorily with the criteria / modes of use set out in Article 16(3) of the Regulation, no financial contribution shall be allocated to the member state concerned. |
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Deepening the Capital Markets Union |
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Completing the Banking Union |
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Effective Taxation |
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Customs Union Package |
ZEI Studies on European Economic Policy
Christoph Bierbrauer, Bailouts in the euro crisis: Implications for the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic (ZEI Discussion Paper C 262) Bonn 2020 (Abstract) (Download)
Matthieu Bertrand, Priority 1: The Juncker Plan, when EU Public Banking Enters Politics, in: Stüwe, Robert / Panayotopoulos, Thomas (eds.): The Juncker Commission. Politicizing EU Policies (Schriftenreihe des Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung, Vol. 79), Nomos: Baden-Baden 2020, p. 71-90. ISBN 978-3-8487-5597-4.
Christoph Bierbrauer, Priority 5: A Deeper and Fairer Economic and Monetary Union, in: Stüwe, Robert / Panayotopoulos, Thomas (eds.): The Juncker Commission. Politicizing EU Policies (Schriftenreihe des Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung, Vol. 79), Nomos: Baden-Baden 2020, p. 131-143. ISBN 978-3-8487-5597-4.
Grigoriani Bougatsa, Priority 4: Reframing a Deeper and Fairer Internal Market, in: Stüwe, Robert / Panayotopoulos, Thomas (eds.): The Juncker Commission. Politicizing EU Policies (Schriftenreihe des Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung, Vol. 79), Nomos: Baden-Baden 2020, p. 119-129. ISBN 978-3-8487-5597-4.
Dmytro Nikitin, What is to be Done to Reactivate the Economy on Both Sides of the Med?, in: Robert Stüwe / Sally Brammer (eds.): ZEI-MEDAC Future of Europe Observer. Post Pandemic Prospects in the Euro-Mediterranean Region, Vol. 8 No. 3 November 2020, p. 5-6. (Download)
Daiva Dumčiuviene, The European Economy: Reality and Challenges, in: Robert Stüwe / Liska Wittenberg (eds.): ZEI Future of Europe Observer. Von der Leyen: Europe's New Deal Despite Corona?, Vol. 8 No. 1 April 2020, p. 6-7. (Download)
Volker Nitsch / Harald Badinger, National Representation in Supranational Institutions: The Case of the European Central Bank, in: Christian Koenig / Ludger Kühnhardt (eds.): Governance and Regulation in the European Union. A Reader (Schriftenreihe des Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung, Vol. 77), Nomos: Baden-Baden 2017, p. 59-97, ISBN: 978-3-8487-4462-6
Kristina Schreiber, Regulating the Railway: Innovative and Competitive Railways in Europe: Infrastructure Usage Charges and the Principle of Non-Discrimination, in: Christian Koenig / Ludger Kühnhardt (eds.): Governance and Regulation in the European Union. A Reader (Schriftenreihe des Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung, Vol. 77), Nomos: Baden-Baden 2017, p. 59-97, ISBN: 978-3-8487-4462-6
Christian Koenig and Bernhard von Wendland, The Art of Regulation & The Ethics of Competition and State Aid, in: Christian Koenig / Ludger Kühnhardt (eds.): Governance and Regulation in the European Union. A Reader (Schriftenreihe des Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung, Vol. 77), Nomos: Baden-Baden 2017, p. 215-219, ISBN: 978-3-8487-4462-6
Ryszard Rapacki / Piotr Maszczyk, Emerging Varieties of Capitalism in the EU New Member Countries of East Central Europe, in: Christian Koenig / Ludger Kühnhardt (eds.): Governance and Regulation in the European Union. A Reader (Schriftenreihe des Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung, Vol. 77), Nomos: Baden-Baden 2017, p. 289-305, ISBN: 978-3-8487-4462-6
András Inotai, Economic Security - Key Challenge of the 21st Century, in: Christian Koenig / Ludger Kühnhardt (eds.): Governance and Regulation in the European Union. A Reader (Schriftenreihe des Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung, Vol. 77), Nomos: Baden-Baden 2017, p. 305-313, ISBN: 978-3-8487-4462-6
Daniel Tarschys, Policies for Coherence and Structural Change: the Quest for Cohesion, in: Christian Koenig / Ludger Kühnhardt (eds.): Governance and Regulation in the European Union. A Reader (Schriftenreihe des Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung, Vol. 77), Nomos: Baden-Baden 2017, p. 313-329, ISBN: 978-3-8487-4462-6