ZEI Monitor: EU Progress 2019-2024
ZEI follows policy progress in the ten areas which have priority for EU institutions over the period 2019-2024:
Commission Priority 4: A Stronger Europe in the World
Policy areas
Foreign policy
European neighbourhood policy
International cooperation and development
Humanitarian aid, civil protection
Trade policy
Security and defence
EU enlargement
European Commission Work Programs:
2021
Strengthening the EU’s contribution to rules-based multilateralism
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The Arctic dimension
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Southern Neighbourhood
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Disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration of ex-combatants
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Research, innovation, education and youth
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EU’s humanitarian aid
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Consular protection
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2020 (revised after outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic)
International Cooperation: EU-OACPS Partnership
Ratification procedure: The signature of the agreement will occur at a later stage in 2021. To enter into force the Agreement must be concluded or ratified by a minimum selection and number of Parties. Signature, provisional application, and conclusion of the agreement will require the approval by the Council based on proposals from the Commission. These proposals will be transmitted to the Council in early 2021, together with the negotiated text translated into all EU languages. The Council will make its decision on the conclusion after having received the European Parliament's consent, as indicated in Article 218 (6) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Although a political agreement has been found, the application of Cotonou Agreement will be further extended until 30 November 2021, unless the new Agreement enters into force or is provisionally applied before that date. |
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Financial Sovereignty |
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Africa Strategy
1. A partnership for green transition and energy access; 2. A partnership for digital transformation; 3. A partnership for sustainable growth and jobs; 4. A partnership for peace and governance; and 5. A partnership on migration and mobility. |
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Enlargement Methodology
Cluster method: to add dynamism to the negotiation process, the Commission proposes to group the negotiation chapters into six thematic clusters: 1. essential elements; 2. internal market; 3. competitiveness and inclusive growth; 4. green agenda and sustainable connectivity; 5. resources, agriculture and cohesion; 6. external relations. Negotiations will be launched - after meeting the relevant criteria - on a cluster rather than on individual chapters. Negotiations on the essential elements will be the first to open and the last to conclude, and progress on these negotiations will determine the pace of the negotiations overall. Period of Negotiations: The period between the opening of negotiations on a cluster and the closing of individual chapters should be limited, preferably not exceeding one year, depending on progress on reforms. |
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Eastern Partnership
1. Economic Policy: This will entail increased trade and further regional and bilateral integration of the economies of partner countries and the EU, together with cooperation for progressive decarbonization towards climate neutrality, embracing the opportunities from the twin ecological and digital transformation. |
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Human Rights, Democracy and Gender Equality
Field of application: 1.This Regulation applies to: (a) genocide; (b) crimes against humanity; (c) the following serious human rights violations or abuses: (i) torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; (ii) slavery; (iii) extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions and killings; (iv) enforced disappearance of persons; (v) arbitrary arrests or detentions; (d) other human rights violations or abuses, including but not limited to the following, in so far as those violations or abuses are widespread, systematic or are otherwise of serious concern as regards the objectives of the common foreign and security policy set out in Article 21 TEU: (i) trafficking in human beings, as well as abuses of human rights by migrant smugglers as referred to in this Article; (ii) sexual and gender-based violence; (iii) violations or abuses of freedom of peaceful assembly and of association; (iv) violations or abuses of freedom of opinion and expression; (v) violations or abuses of freedom of religion or belief. |
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WTO Reform |
ZEI Publications on EU Foreign Policy
Ludger Kühnhardt: The post-Coronavirus world. A future research agenda in a dynamic multi-level mode, in: Stephen C. Calleya (ed.): Med Agenda – Special Issue. Towards a Post Pandemic Euro-Mediterranean Strategy, Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies (MEDAC), University of Malta, p. 133-152.
Robert Stüwe: Rechtsstaatlichkeit in der EU als Schlüsselfaktor für eine resiliente Außenpolitik gegenüber Autokraten, in: Zeitschrift für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik, Vol. 13, Iss. 3 (2020), p. 271-285. DOI: 10.1007/s12399-020-00817-6.
Andreas Marchetti: A Stronger Global Actor - Strengthening the Global Role of Europe, in: Stüwe, Robert / Panayotopoulos, Thomas (eds.): The Juncker Commission. Politicizing EU Policies (Schriftenreihe des Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung, Vol. 79), Nomos: Baden-Baden 2020, p. 181-191.
Robert Stüwe: Das Machtproblem der EU-Energieaußenpolitik. Von der Integration zur Projektion beim Erdgasimport? (Schriftenreihe des Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung, Vol. 81), Nomos: Baden-Baden 2020. (Abstract)
Christos Stylianides: European Emergency Coordination, ZEI Discussion Paper C 259/2020. (Abstract) (Download)
Stephen C. Calleya: A Stronger Europe in the World, in: Robert Stüwe / Liska Wittenberg (eds.): ZEI Future of Europe Observer. Von der Leyen: Europe's New Deal Despite Corona?, Vol. 8 No. 1 April 2020, p. 10-11. (Download)
Ermir I. Hajdini, Nikola Jokić, Teodora Lađić, Ksenija Milenković, Denis Preshova, Flandra Syla (eds.): Western Balkans and the European Union, ZEI Discussion Paper C 258/2020. (Abstract) (Download)
Ludger Kühnhardt: The European Archipelago. Rebranding the Strategic Significance of EU Overseas Countries and Territories, ZEI Discussion Paper C 255/2019. (Abstract) (Download)
Liska Wittenberg / Robert Stüwe (eds.): Soft Power Policies in the Mediterranean Region, ZEI-MEDAC Future of Europe Observer, Vol. 7 No. 3 November 2019. (Download)
Susanne Baier-Allen: Europe and America, ZEI Discussion Paper C 254/2019. (Abstract) (Download)
Javier Gonzaléz López: Bosnia and Herzegovina: a Case Study for the Unfinished EU Agenda in the Western Balkans, ZEI Discussion Paper C 250/2018. (Abstract) (Download)
Ludger Kühnhardt: The New Silk Road: The European Union, China and Lessons Learned , ZEI Discussion Paper C 245/2018. (Abstract) (Download)
Stephen C. Calleya: Mapping out a Euro-Mediterranean Strategy, in: Koenig, Christian / Kühnhardt, Ludger (eds.): Governance and Regulation in the European Union. A Reader (Schriftenreihe des Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung, Vol. 77), Nomos: Baden-Baden 2017, p. 153-177. (Abstract)
Stefan Fröhlich: Transatlantic Leadership in a Multipolar World: The EU Perspective, in: Koenig, Christian / Kühnhardt, Ludger (eds.): Governance and Regulation in the European Union. A Reader (Schriftenreihe des Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung, Vol. 77), Nomos: Baden-Baden 2017, p. 177-195. (Abstract)
Ludger Kühnhardt: Maturing beyond Cotonou: An EU-ACP Association Treaty for Development. A proposal for reinventing EU relations with the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States. (ZEI Discussion Paper C 235/2016) (Abstract) (Download)
Ludger Kühnhardt: Neighbors and other realities: The Atlantic civilization and its enemies (ZEI Discussion Paper C228, 2015) (Abstract) (Download)
Lothar Rühl: European Foreign and Security Policy since the Lisbon Treaty – From Common to single? (ZEI Discussion Paper C226, 2014) (Abstract) (Download)
Stephen Calleya / Ludger Kühnhardt, How to ride the revolutionary Arab lion, in: World Security Network, 7.Januar 2013 (online)
Wiebke Drescher, The Eastern Partnership and Ukraine. New Label – Old Products? (ZEI Discussion Paper, C 194), Bonn 2009. (Download)
Andreas Marchetti, La politique européenne de voisinage: l’impact de la présidence allemande sur l’élaboration d’une politique stratégique (Note du Cerfa, 45), Paris 2007.
Andreas Marchetti, Consolidation in Times of Crisis: The European Neighbourhood Policy as Chance for Neighbours?, in: European Political Economy Review, No. 7 (2007), S. 9-23.
Thomas Demmelhuber, The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) and its Implementation in the Southern Mediterranean. The Case of Egypt (ZEI Discussion Paper, C 170), Bonn 2007. (Download)
Andreas Marchetti, The European Neighbourhood Policy. Foreign Policy at the EU’s Periphery (ZEI Discussion Paper, C 158), Bonn 2006. (Download)
Thomas Demmelhuber, The Euro-Mediterranean Space as an Imagined (Geo-) Political, Economic and Cultural Entity (ZEI Discussion Paper, C 159), Bonn 2006. (Download)
ZEI Insights Policy Brief Series (2014-2019)